科学家研究光学原子束钟中的波前曲率

近日,澳大利亚昆士兰大学的T. M. Stace课题组与阿德莱德大学的A. N. Luiten等人合作,并取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力,他们研究了光学原子束钟中的波前曲率。相关成果已于2023年7月11日在国际知名学术期刊《物理评论A》上发表。

该研究团队使用弯曲波前的光场建立了Ramsey-Bordé干涉测量模型,并对Olson等人描述的40Ca光束时钟实验进行了模拟。此前的研究发现,在询问过程中,原子的响应表现出令人惊讶和无法解释的行为。该研究模型预测的信号与实验数据一致,并能够解释对激光几何形状的显著敏感性。研究人员发现,当激光在询问区域不准直时,信噪比最大,从而减少了不均匀性,并确定了最佳腰围尺寸,该尺寸由激光不均匀性和原子束速度分布决定。


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此外,他们还研究了时钟频率的漂移和稳定性,发现Gouy相位是由激光几何形状引起的频率变化的主要来源。

据悉,原子钟在人们理解时间和频率方面提供了可重复的基准。最近,通过使用热原子束的紧凑型光学钟的演示,已经实现了10-16阶的短期分数频率不稳定性,与现有的最佳国际频率标准相媲美。然而,紧凑型时钟面临的一个严峻挑战是需要更小的光束,这会导致波前的快速变化。这可能导致热原子束的不均匀激发,进而引起输出频率的长期漂移。解决这个问题对于提高紧凑型光学钟的性能至关重要。

附:英文原文

Title: Wave-front curvature in optical atomic beam clocks

Author: A. Strathearn, R. F. Offer, A. P. Hilton, E. Klantsataya, A. N. Luiten, R. P. Anderson, B. M. Sparkes, T. M. Stace

Issue&Volume: 2023/07/11

Abstract: Atomic clocks provide a reproducible basis for our understanding of time and frequency. Recent demonstrations of compact optical clocks, employing thermal atomic beams, have achieved short-term fractional frequency instabilities of order 10-16, competitive with the best international frequency standards available. However, a serious challenge inherent in compact clocks is the necessarily smaller optical beams, which results in rapid variation in interrogating wave fronts. This can cause inhomogeneous excitation of the thermal beam leading to long-term drifts in the output frequency. Here we develop a model for Ramsey-Bordé interferometry using optical fields with curved wave fronts and simulate the 40Ca beam clock experiment described by Olson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 073202 (2019)]. The results of Olson et al. showed surprising and unexplained behavior in the response of the atoms in the interrogation. Our model predicts signals consistent with experimental data and can account for the significant sensitivity to laser geometry that was reported. We find the signal-to-noise ratio is maximized when the laser is uncollimated at the interrogation zones to minimize inhomogeneity and also identify an optimal waist size determined by both laser inhomogeneity and the velocity distribution of the atomic beam. We investigate the shifts and stability of the clock frequency, showing that the Gouy phase is the primary source of frequency variations arising from laser geometry.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.108.013105

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.108.013105

来源:科学网 小柯机器人

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